Sigmund Freud

Austrian · 1856–1939

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, the clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between patient and analyst. His theories of the unconscious mind, repression, the Oedipus complex, and dream interpretation transformed 20th-century thought well beyond medicine — influencing literature, art, anthropology, and philosophy. Though many of his specific claims have not survived empirical scrutiny, his framework for thinking about hidden mental processes and the role of sexuality in human development remains culturally pervasive, and he is one of the architects of modern therapy. He was a significant presence in Bloomsbury intellectual circles and a personal acquaintance of Virginia Woolf.

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