Noble savage

The idea that humans in their pre-civilised or "natural" state are inherently good, peaceful, and free, and that the corruption, violence, and inequality we see around us are products of society rather than human nature. Often associated with Rousseau, though he never used the phrase, and later picked up by twentieth-century cultural anthropologists like Franz Boas and Margaret Mead. Critics — most famously Steven Pinker — argue the trope romanticises pre-state societies and underestimates innate human aggression.

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