Metafiction

Fiction that self-consciously draws attention to its own status as a constructed artefact — by addressing the reader directly, commenting on its own narrative devices, blurring the line between author and character, or otherwise foregrounding the artifice of storytelling. Most associated with mid-twentieth-century postmodernists like John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Italo Calvino, the mode became a target of critique by the 1990s, with writers like David Foster Wallace arguing that its reflexive ironies had ossified into a hollow trick — a position that fed into the New Sincerity.

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