Predictive processing
A framework in cognitive science and neuroscience holding that the brain is fundamentally a prediction machine: rather than passively receiving sense data, it constantly generates top-down predictions about incoming signals and updates them against the raw input, with perception and action both emerging from the effort to minimise prediction error. On this view the brain never has direct access to the body's internal state — it only ever runs best-guess models of what the organs are up to, which has implications for how much conscious control over autonomic functions is even possible.